Friday fold: An odd duck
A USGS colleague shows Callan a bizarre fold outcrop in the Conococheague limestone of the Boyce quadrangle, Virginia.
cleavage
Friday fold: Up on Opequon Creek
I got a call last month from Rebekah Wiedower, a landowner up in Frederick & Clarke counties (her family’s property includes pieces of both), inviting me to come up and look at some anticlines and synclines that Dan Doctor (USGS) had identified on the bank of Opequon Creek. I was glad to do it, though … Read more
Rock Cycle I: Sedimentary → Metamorphic
An outcrop of the Ordovician-aged Martinsburg Formation is used to illustrate the development of slaty cleavage, and hence a major transition in the Rock Cycle.
Friday fold: Natural Bridge area, Yoho National Park
The Friday fold, delayed by a week from last week’s contest, appears in Yoho National Park, British Columbia, near the “Natural Bridge” over the Kicking Horse River.
Friday fold: lower Martinsburg Formation near Bixler’s Ferry
The Friday fold is presented in photo, annotated photo, and GigaPan formats. It’s a cleaved anticline in lower Martinsburg Formation limy slate from Page County, Virginia. See if you can spot Mr. E. coli in the GigaPan!
Structures seen at Floe Lake
A showcase of geologic structures observed between downpours of rain at Floe Lake, Kootenay National Park, British Columbia. Cleavage, bedding, folds, faults, and strain are all presented for the discerning structural reader’s edification and titillation.
Veiled geology at Naked Creek
As I mentioned, Monday had me out in the field, looking at the western Blue Ridge and eastern Valley & Ridge provinces in Virginia. This was a field review for the new geologic map of the Elkton East quadrangle by Chelsea Jenkins, Chuck Bailey, Mary Cox, and Grace Dawson. Immediately after lunch, we visited an … Read more
Overturned bedding in the Weverton (?) Formation
On Monday, I was out in the field at the Blue Ridge / Valley & Ridge transition (“boundary”?) in the Elkton East quadrangle, where Chuck Bailey and students (from the College of William & Mary) were leading a field review of their new geologic map. A field review is a form of field-based peer review, … Read more
Veins perpendicular to foliation
To recap the week so far here on Mountain Beltway: On Monday we looked at some sweet vertical boudinage along the plane of tectonic cleavage (not to mention those folds in a (formerly) horizontal granite dike, now bearing vertical axial planes), and then on Tuesday we looked at a horizontal cut through that same outcrop, … Read more
Exquisite boudinage in Ontario
Callan shares images of extraordinary boudinage outcrops in strained Archean meta-basalts on the Quetico-Wabigoon subprovince boundary within the southern Superior Craton. Ogle these gorgeous structures in awe and wonder.
Visiting the Swift Run
I took my structural geology students to that fine outcrop of the Swift Run Formation in eastern Shenandoah National Park on Friday. There, we saw lovely primary structures with tectonic fabric overprinting (as I have showcased here previously). Consider this graded bed with subsequent (vertical) cleavage: And here’s the hinge of a nice passive fold, … Read more
Blue Ridge Thrust Fault field trip
One of Callan’s former students leads a field trip to examine the western edge of the Blue Ridge geologic province, attempting to answer the question of whether the Blue Ridge / Valley & Ridge contact is indeed the trace of a thrust fault. Breccias and S-C fabrics tell part of the story…
Malmesbury Group sediments on the eastern side of False Bay
In December, Callan found an outcrop of Neoproterozoic-aged turbidites in South Africa, on the eastern shore of False Bay.
Friday fold: a tortured tempestite
Hand sample of folded limestone strata in West Virginia (presumably Devonian in age). Note the rip-up clasts and large grain size at the base of the sample (to the right in the photo). Note the fine-grained, thin-bedded shale laminations towards the top (left) of the sample, too. Together, they tell a story of decreasing energy … Read more
Overturned bedding in Poleta (?) Formation, White Mountains, California
After a roadside explanation just an hour and a half earlier on how the relationship between bedding and cleavage can reveal whether bedding is likely right-side-up or up-side-down, my students and I were walking up the road to the Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest in the White Mountains of California, and I saw this outcrop that … Read more
Friday folds: Serendipity in the White Mountains
Callan and his field studies students encounter a lesson in the White Mountains of eastern California that combines bedding, cleavage, folding, and even fossil archaeocyathids!
One from the UTEP Reading Room
Incipient mylonitization of a granite/granitoid, as displayed in a sample on a shelf of one of the meeting rooms adjacent to the Reading Room of the Geological Sciences building at the University of Texas at El Paso. Same side, slightly different lighting conditions: I’d call this a protomylonite. Some of you might prefer the term … Read more
Sed or meta? Yes.
Today, two examples of outcrops that reveal an overprinting relationship between metamorphic cleavage and sedimentary bedding. Both are Devonian in depositional age, from the new stretch of New Route 55 in West Virginia, west of Moorefield. The first is from limestones of the Helderberg Group, and the second is from shale of the Brallier Formation. … Read more
Friday fold: the Contorted Bed
Callan reviews the geology of the superlatively auriferous Witwatersrand Supergroup of South Africa, and then zooms in on a distinctive marker bed near the base of the sequence. The deformation in this particular banded iron formation (BIF) is an aesthetic wonder, as this suite of images reveal. The layer outcrops in the heart of urban Johannesburg.
Friday fold: cleaved slate in Kootenay National Park
This summer, a week or two after our wedding, my wife and I found ourselves in the Canadian Rockies for a pre-honeymoon. Part of our time was spent on a backpacking trip to Floe Lake in Kootenay National Park, British Columbia. On our hike in, we passed this outcrop of Chancellor Slate, a Cambrian aged … Read more